Gawo 1 -Kugwira ntchito kozizirakufazitsulo
Cold working die zitsulo zikuphatikizapo zisankho zopangira nkhonya ndi kudula (kubisa ndi kukhomerera zisankho, kudula nkhungu, nkhonya, lumo), nkhungu zozizira, zojambula zozizira, zowonongeka, ndi zojambula za waya, ndi zina zotero.
1. Mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito ndi zofunikira zogwirira ntchito zozizirachuma chakufa
Pa ntchito ozizira ntchitochuma chakufa, chifukwa cha kukana kwakukulu kwa zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa, gawo logwira ntchito la nkhungu limakhala ndi kupsyinjika kwakukulu, mphamvu yopindika, mphamvu yowonongeka, ndi mphamvu yolimbana.Chifukwa chake, chifukwa chodziwika bwino chochotsera nkhungu zozizira nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha kuwonongeka ndi kung'ambika.Palinso zochitika zomwe zimalephera msanga chifukwa cha kusweka, kugwa mphamvu, ndi mapindikidwe opitirira kulolera.
Poyerekeza ndi kudula chida zitsulo, ozizira ntchitochuma chakufaali ndi zofanana zambiri.Chikombolecho chimafunika kuti chikhale ndi kuuma kwakukulu ndi kukana kuvala, mphamvu yopindika kwambiri, komanso kulimba kokwanira kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti njira yopondapo ikupita patsogolo.Kusiyanitsa kuli mu mawonekedwe ovuta ndi teknoloji yopangira nkhungu, komanso malo otsutsana ndi malo akuluakulu komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kuvala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukonza ndikupera.Choncho, kukana kwapamwamba kumafunika.Pamene nkhungu ikugwira ntchito, imakhala ndi mphamvu yokhomerera kwambiri ndipo imakonda kupsinjika maganizo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ovuta, choncho imafunika kulimba kwambiri;Chikombolecho chimakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, choncho amafunikira kuuma kwakukulu, kusinthika kochepa, ndi chizolowezi chophwanyika.Mwachidule, zofunika kuuma, kukana kuvala, ndi kulimba kwa ntchito yozizirachuma chakufandi apamwamba kuposa aja zitsulo zodulira zida.Komabe, zofunikira za kuuma kofiira ndizochepa kwambiri kapena sizikufunika (chifukwa zimapangidwira kumalo ozizira), kotero zina zachitsulo zomwe zimayenera kuumba nkhungu zozizira zapangidwanso, monga kukula kwa kukana kuvala kwakukulu, kusinthika kwazing'ono. ntchito yozizirachuma chakufandi mkulu kulimba ntchito ozizirachuma chakufa.
2. Kusankha kalasi yachitsulo
Nthawi zambiri, malingana ndi momwe mankhuku ozizira amagwirira ntchito, kusankha kwazitsulo kumatha kugawidwa m'mikhalidwe inayi:
①Cnkhungu yakale yogwira ntchito yokhala ndi kukula kochepa, mawonekedwe osavuta, ndi katundu wopepuka.
Mwachitsanzo, nkhonya zing'onozing'ono ndi lumo zodula mbale zachitsulo zimatha kupangidwa ndi zitsulo za carbon tool monga T7A, T8A, T10A, ndi T12A.Ubwino wamtundu uwu wachitsulo ndi;Good processability, mtengo wotsika mtengo, ndi gwero losavuta.Koma kuipa kwake ndi: kuuma pang'ono, kusavala bwino, ndikusintha kwakukulu kozimitsa.Choncho, ndizoyenera kupanga zida zopangira zokhala ndi miyeso yaying'ono, mawonekedwe osavuta, ndi katundu wopepuka, komanso nkhungu zozizira zogwira ntchito zomwe zimafuna wosanjikiza wocheperako komanso wolimba kwambiri.
② Zozizira zogwira ntchito zokhala ndi miyeso yayikulu, mawonekedwe ovuta, ndi katundu wopepuka.
Mitundu yachitsulo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri imaphatikizapo zitsulo zotsika za aloyi monga 9SiCr, CrWMn, GCr15, ndi 9Mn2V.Kuzimitsa kwake kwazitsulo izi mumafuta kumatha kufika pa 40mm.Pakati pawo, 9Mn2V chitsulo ndi mtundu wa ntchito ozizirachuma chakufaopangidwa ku China m'zaka zaposachedwa zomwe zilibe Cr.Itha kusintha kapena kusintha pang'ono zitsulo zomwe zili ndi Cr.
The carbide heterogeneity ndi kuzimitsa kusweka kwa 9Mn2V zitsulo ndizocheperako kuposa za CrWMn zitsulo, ndipo chizolowezi cha decarburization ndi chocheperako kuposa chachitsulo cha 9SiCr, pomwe kuuma kwake kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa chitsulo chachitsulo cha carbon.Mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi 30% wokwera kuposa womaliza, kotero ndi kalasi yachitsulo yoyenera kukwezedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito.Komabe, chitsulo cha 9Mn2V chilinso ndi zovuta zina, monga kulimba kwapang'onopang'ono ndi zochitika zosweka zomwe zimapezeka pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.Komanso, kutentha bata ndi osauka, ndi kutentha kutentha zambiri si upambana 180 ℃.Ukatenthedwa pa 200 ℃, mphamvu yopindika ndi kulimba kumayamba kuwonetsa zotsika.
Chitsulo cha 9Mn2V chimatha kuzimitsidwa pozimitsa media ndi mphamvu yoziziritsa pang'ono monga nitrate ndi mafuta otentha.Kwa nkhungu zina zokhala ndi zofunikira zowonongeka komanso zofunikira zochepa zowuma, kuzima kwa austenitic isothermal quenching kungagwiritsidwe ntchito.
③ Kuzizira kogwira ntchito kozizira kokhala ndi miyeso yayikulu, mawonekedwe ovuta, ndi katundu wolemetsa.
Zitsulo zapakatikati kapena zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, monga Cr12Mo, Crl2MoV, Cr6WV, Cr4W2MoV, ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikiza apo, zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri monga nkhungu zozizira zogwira ntchito zakhala zikuwonjezeka, koma ziyenera kunenedwa kuti panthawiyi, sikulinso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yapadera yofiira yolimba yachitsulo chothamanga kwambiri, koma m'malo mwake kuuma kwake kwakukulu komanso kukana kwambiri kuvala.Choncho, payeneranso kukhala kusiyana pakati pa chithandizo cha kutentha.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri ngati nkhungu yozizira, kuzimitsa kocheperako kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchepetse kulimba.Mwachitsanzo, kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozimitsa zitsulo za W18Cr4V ndi 1280-1290 ℃.Popanga nkhungu zozizira zogwira ntchito, kutentha kwapansi pa 1190 ℃ kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Chitsanzo china ndi W6Mo5Cr4V2 chitsulo.Pogwiritsa ntchito kuzimitsa kutentha kwapansi, moyo wautumiki ukhoza kuwongolera kwambiri, makamaka pochepetsa kwambiri kutayika.
④ Zozizira zogwira ntchito zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi katundu wambiri komanso zimakhala ndi mipata yopyapyala.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zofunikira zamitundu itatu yoyambirira yazitsulo zoziziritsa kuzizira ndizofunikira kwambiri kukana kuvala, motero chitsulo chokwera kwambiri cha carbon hypereutectoid komanso chitsulo cha ledeburite chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Komabe, ntchito zina zozizira zimafa, monga kudulidwa kwa nsanja yam'mbali ndi kufa popanda kanthu, komwe kumakhala ndi mfundo zopyapyala za matako ndipo zimatha kukhudzidwa zikagwiritsidwa ntchito, kulimba kwambiri kumafunika.Pofuna kuthetsa kusagwirizanaku, njira zotsatirazi zikhoza kuchitidwa:
Ⅰ-kuchepetsa kaboni ndikugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo za hypoeutectoid kuti musachepetse kulimba kwachitsulo komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi ma carbides oyambirira ndi apamwamba;
Ⅱ-Kuonjezera zinthu za alloy monga Si ndi Cr kupititsa patsogolo kutentha kwachitsulo ndi kutentha kwachitsulo (kutentha kwa 240-270 ℃) kumapindulitsa kuthetsa kupsinjika maganizo ndikuwongolera ntchito popanda kuchepetsa kuuma;
Ⅲ-Onjezani zinthu monga W kuti mupange refractory carbides kuti muyese njere ndikuwongolera kulimba.Zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwumbidwa kozizira kwambiri zikuphatikizapo 6SiCr, 4CrW2Si, 5CrW2Si, etc.
3. Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito Mokwanira Kuthekera kwa Cold Working Die Steel
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chamtundu wa Cr12 kapena chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri ngati nkhungu zozizira, vuto lodziwika bwino ndi kuphulika kwachitsulo, komwe kumakonda kusweka mukamagwiritsa ntchito.Kuti izi zitheke, ndikofunikira kuyenga ma carbides pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira zokwanira.Kuphatikiza apo, magiredi atsopano achitsulo ayenera kupangidwa.Cholinga cha kupanga magiredi atsopano achitsulo chiyenera kukhala kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon mu chitsulo ndi kuchuluka kwa carbides kupanga zinthu.
Chitsulo cha Cr4W2MoV chili ndi zabwino monga kuuma kwambiri, kukana kuvala kwambiri, komanso kulimba kwabwino.Lilinso zabwino tempering bata ndi mabuku mawotchi katundu.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chitsulo chachitsulo cha silicon chikafa, etc. Ikhoza kuonjezera nthawi ya moyo ndi nthawi zoposa 1-3 poyerekeza ndi Cr12MoV zitsulo.Komabe, kutentha kwa chitsulo ichi ndi kocheperako, ndipo sachedwa kusweka popanga.Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa.
Chitsulo cha Cr2Mn2SiWMoV chili ndi kutentha kochepa kozimitsa, kapindika kakang'ono kozimitsa, komanso kuuma kwambiri.Imadziwika kuti air quenched micro deformationchuma chakufa.
7W7Cr4MoV zitsulo akhoza m'malo W18Cr4V ndi Cr12MoV zitsulo.Makhalidwe ake ndikuti kusafanana kwa carbides ndi kulimba kwa chitsulo kwasinthidwa kwambiri.
Gawo2 -Ntchito yotenthachuma chakufa
1. Mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito ya nkhungu yogwira ntchito yotentha
Mitundu yogwira ntchito yotentha imaphatikizapo nkhungu zopangira nyundo, nkhungu zotentha zotulutsa, ndi zisankho zakufa.Monga tanenera kale, khalidwe lalikulu la zikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito za nkhungu zotentha zogwirira ntchito ndikukhudzana ndi zitsulo zotentha, zomwe ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito za nkhungu zozizira.Chifukwa chake, zimabweretsa mavuto awiri otsatirawa:
(1) Chitsulo cha pamwamba pa nkhungu chimatenthedwa.Kawirikawiri, pamene hammering akamwalira akugwira ntchito, pamwamba kutentha kwa patsekeke kufa akhoza kufika pa 300-400 ℃, ndi otentha extrusion kufa akhoza kufika pa 500-800 ℃;Kutentha kwa nkhungu yoponyera kufa kumagwirizana ndi mtundu wa zinthu zoponyera kufa ndi kutentha kothira.Pamene kufa-kuponya chitsulo chakuda, nkhungu patsekeke kutentha akhoza kufika pa 1000 ℃.Kutentha kotereku kudzachepetsa kwambiri kuuma kwa pamwamba ndi kulimba kwa nkhungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupindika pakagwiritsidwa ntchito.Zofunikira pakugwirira ntchito kotenthachuma chakufandi kukana kwakukulu kwa thermoplastic, kuphatikizapo kuuma kwa kutentha kwambiri ndi mphamvu, komanso kukana kwa thermoplastic, zomwe zimawonetseratu kukhazikika kwapamwamba kwachitsulo.Kuchokera apa, njira yoyamba yopangira zitsulo zotentha zingapezeke, ndiko kuti, kuwonjezera zinthu zowonjezera monga Cr, W, Si zimatha kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwachitsulo.
(2) Kutopa kwamafuta (kusweka) kumachitika pamwamba pa chitsulo cha nkhungu.Makhalidwe ogwirira ntchito a nkhungu zotentha ndi zapakatikati.Pambuyo pakupanga chitsulo chilichonse chotentha, pamwamba pa nkhungu iyenera kuziziritsidwa ndi media monga madzi, mafuta, ndi mpweya.Choncho, ntchito boma nkhungu otentha mobwerezabwereza mkangano ndi utakhazikika, kotero kuti pamwamba chitsulo cha nkhungu patsekeke adzakumana mobwerezabwereza matenthedwe kukula, ndiko kuti, mobwerezabwereza pansi kumakokedwa ndi compressive kupsyinjika.Zotsatira zake, pamwamba pa nkhungu idzasweka, yomwe imatchedwa kutopa kwamafuta.Choncho, yachiwiri zofunika ntchito chofunika otenthachuma chakufaimayikidwa patsogolo, ndiko kuti, imakhala ndi kukana kutopa kwambiri kwamafuta.
Nthawi zambiri, zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kukana kutopa kwachitsulo ndi:
① Kutentha kwachitsulo.The mkulu matenthedwe madutsidwe zitsulo akhoza kuchepetsa mlingo Kutentha pamwamba zitsulo nkhungu, potero kuchepetsa chizolowezi zitsulo kuti matenthedwe kutopa.Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti matenthedwe madutsidwe zitsulo zimagwirizana ndi mpweya wake.Pamene okhutira mpweya ndi mkulu, madutsidwe matenthedwe otsika, choncho si koyenera ntchito mkulu mpweya zitsulo ntchito yotentha.chuma chakufa.Mpweya wochepa wa carbon carbon steel wapakati (C0.3% 5-0.6%) umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa kuuma ndi mphamvu zachitsulo komanso zimawononga.
② Zovuta kwambiri zachitsulo.Nthawi zambiri, kumtunda kwa chitsulo (Acl) kwachitsulo, kumachepetsa kutopa kwake.Chifukwa chake, chitsulo chofunikira kwambiri nthawi zambiri chimachulukitsidwa powonjezera ma alloying Cr, W, Si, ndi lead.Potero kuwongolera kukana kutopa kwamafuta kwachitsulo.
2. Chitsulo cha nkhungu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zotentha
(1) Chitsulo chopangira nyundo chimafa.Nthawi zambiri, pali zinthu ziwiri zodziwika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo popanga nyundo.Choyamba, imakhudzidwa ndi katundu wokhudzidwa panthawi ya ntchito.Choncho, mawotchi azitsulo azitsulo amafunika kukhala apamwamba, makamaka chifukwa cha kukana kwa pulasitiki ndi kulimba;Chifukwa chachiwiri ndi chakuti kukula kwa gawo la nyundo yopangira nyundo ndi yaikulu (<400mm), yomwe imafuna kuuma kwambiri kwachitsulo kuonetsetsa kuti microstructure yunifolomu ndi ntchito ya imfa yonse.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi nyundo zopangira zitsulo zimaphatikizapo 5CrNiMo, 5CrMnMo, 5CrNiW, 5CrNiTi, ndi 5CrMnMoSiV.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhungu zamaso a nyundo iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana.Kwa nyundo yayikulu kapena yayikulu kwambiri ikafa, 5CrNiMo ndiyo yabwino.5CrNiTi, 5CrNiW, kapena 5CrMnMoSi ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito.Chitsulo cha 5CrMnMo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyundo yaying'ono komanso yaying'ono.
(2) Chitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zisankho zotentha zakunja, ndipo mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito a nkhungu zotentha zotulutsa ndikuyenda pang'onopang'ono.Chifukwa chake, kutentha kwa nkhungu kumakhala kokwera kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mpaka 500-800 ℃.Zofunikira zogwirira ntchito zamtundu uwu wazitsulo ziyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri mphamvu zotentha kwambiri (ie kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwakukulu) ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutopa.Zofunikira za AK ndi kuuma zimatha kuchepetsedwa moyenera.Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa nkhungu zotentha zakunja kumakhala kochepa, nthawi zambiri zosakwana 70-90 mm.
Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito otentha extrusion nkhungu monga 4CrW2Si, 3Cr2W8V, ndi 5% Cr mtundu ntchito yotenthachuma chakufas.Pakati pawo, 4CrW2Si itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ntchito yozizirachuma chakufandi ntchito yotenthachuma chakufa.Chifukwa cha ntchito zosiyanasiyana, njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira kutentha zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.Popanga nkhungu zoziziritsa, kutentha kocheperako (870-900 ℃) ndi chithandizo chotsika kapena chapakati cha kutentha;Popanga nkhungu zotentha, kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri (nthawi zambiri 950-1000 ℃) ndi chithandizo cha kutentha kwambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
(3) Chitsulo cha nkhungu zomwe zimafa.Ponseponse, zofunikira zogwirira ntchito zazitsulo zopangira ufa zimafanana ndi zomwe zimapangidwira kutentha kwa extrusion, ndi kukhazikika kwapamwamba komanso kukana kutopa kwamafuta kukhala zofunika zazikulu.Choncho mtundu wachitsulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri umakhala wofanana ndi chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zisankho zotentha.Monga mwachizolowezi, zitsulo monga 4CrW2Si ndi 3Cr2W8V zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Komabe, pali zosiyana, monga kugwiritsa ntchito 40Cr, 30CrMnSi, ndi 40CrMo pazitsulo zotsika zosungunuka za Zn alloy die-casting;Kwa ma molds a Al ndi Mg alloy die-casting, 4CrW2Si, 4Cr5MoSiV, ndi zina zotere zitha kusankhidwa.Kwa Cu alloy die-casting molds, 3Cr2W8V zitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
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JINBAICHENGndi otsogola padziko lonse lapansi ogulitsantchito yozizira ndi ntchito yotenthazitsulo, pulasitikichuma chakufas, zitsulo zoponyera zida zoponyera zida ndi zopangira zotseguka, zokonzedwanso100,000 matani zitsulo chaka chilichonse.Zogulitsa zathu zimapangidwa ku3zopangira mushandong, jiangsu, ndi chigawo cha Guangdong.Ndi ma patent opitilira 100,JINBAICHENGamaika mfundo padziko lonse kuphatikizapo kukhala woyamba zitsulo wopanga muChinakulandira satifiketi ya ISO 9001.Webusaiti yovomerezeka:www.sdjbcmetal.com Imelo: jinbaichengmetal@gmail.com kapena pa WhatsApphttps://wa.me/18854809715
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-21-2023